Christian Cyclopedia

1. Military expeditions initiated by the ch. against Muslim and others. They are variously numbered. Their purpose was to recover the Holy Land for Christianity. Ca. 1074 Gregory VII (see Popes, 7) gathered an army for war against the infidels, but his plans were not carried out, first because of the hostility of R. Guiscard,* later because of the investiture* controversy. At the end of the c. the time seemed more propitious; Urban* II preached a crusade against ...