Christian Cyclopedia

Factors that prevent marriage* from being properly constituted.

Luths. have recognized impediments based on degrees of relationship either of consanguinity or of affinity (Lv 18:6–20; 20:10–23; Dt 27:20–23; Mt 14:3–4; 1 Co 5:1). Impotence and incurable disease were usually considered natural impediments.

In RC theol. 2 types of impediments are distinguished: (1) prohibitory, which make marriage unlawful but not invalid (e.g., vows of virginity; differences in religion); (2) diriment, which make marriage invalid and unlawful (e.g., when man is under 16 and woman under 14; permanent impotence prior to marriage; existing marriage; disparity bet. a RC and one who is unbaptized; sacred orders; certain blood relationships; affinity resulting from valid marriage; spiritual relationship). Bps. can dispense from many impediments; some are reserved for the diocese of the pope.

See also Prohibited Degrees.